Washington Irving is a father of American literature. He may also have been the inventor of the stereotype of the “nerd” in American culture, which is almost as good as electricity, the telephone and the computer, or at least as ubiquitous. Everybody knows who Ichabod Crane is, right?
I just finished The Sketch Book, which was a huge sensation in its time. Washington Irving traveled extensively and earned his reputation as a ladies man; he was often found carousing and making trouble but he was popular, kind of like Paris Hilton. In this book, there are several “stories” connected in that they are a collected by fictional character called Diedrich Knickerbocker, who provides occasional asides. The stories are what you might call light entertainment, and one or two of them reveal Irving’s strangely pathological hatred of Thomas Jefferson. It just so happens that the non-fiction book I was reading parallel to this (Nerds, by child psychologist David Anderegg) mentions one of the stories from this book: the wildly famous The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
You remember the Disney version of the Legend of Sleepy Hollow: Ichabod Crane is ridiculous. In the story, he reads too much (in Sleepy Hollow, “at all” being too much); he’s socially awkward; his strange appearance earns him a kind of muffled disrespect from the townsfolk; he’s completely oblivious to the fact that a guy like him will never get the girl he (and every other guy in town) crushes on. When he is either killed or run out of town (no one knows which, and their indifference to solving the mystery of his fate reveals Crane’s devalued status) they simply burn his books and clothes and get on with their lives. Brom Bones gets the girl and everyone lives happily ever after. Ichabod Crane? Oh right, he was that annoying teacher who was always either reading or eating. Wonder what happened to him? Oh well.
Washington Irving, obviously, didn’t create our modern idea of the nerd single-handedly. He had a little help from Ralph Waldo Emerson. This is from “The American Scholar”:
Meek young men grow up in libraries, believing it their duty to accept the views, which Cicero, which Locke, which Bacon, have given, forgetful that Cicero, Locke, and Bacon were only young men in libraries, when they wrote these books…Hence, instead of Man Thinking, we have the bookworm.
This dichotomous struggle, men of thought versus men of action, in other words, nerds versus jocks, made its appearance shortly after the establishment of the U.S. government. Thomas Jefferson was roundly condemned by his contemporaries as being “too French” (read: a bookworm). John Quincy Adams was bested in the presidential election of 1828 by the uneducated Andrew Jackson, who won based on the idea that (as Richard Hofstadter puts it) “John Quincy Adams can write, but Andrew Jackson can fight.” Not much has changed.
In the much-disputed 2000 presidential election, Al Gore took a media beating for being too book-smart. No one ever denied that he had the brains and experience for the presidency. It was just that he was such a dork. I mean, Gore knew stuff that people had to *look up* if they wanted to know what he was referring to & stuff. How lame. And if Bush, with his perennial “jock” persona, had not been so affable, he would barely (if ever) have gotten out of the political gate, much less so narrowly winning (depending upon your interpretation of the contested outcome of Florida) the highest office in the U.S. - qualifications schwalifications: Bush was charming. Gore was teacher’s pet. Although they were matched in intelligence and capability, what the former Vice President could not do as well as Bill Clinton was to woo the media. The point being that people who come off as cool (read: not nerds) tend to get ahead in the American politics and entertainment industries. You can be brilliant, but if you are *only* a genius, tough luck geek.
Washington Irving himself had this kind of nerd/jock duality playing out inside him, or so I suspect after reading his biographical details from the afterword of The Sketch Book. When he was little, all the grown-ups around him took great pride in his remarkable intelligence, but by the time he came of age, he had shed his bookishness in favor of nice clothes, attractive women and a life of idle merrymaking. Maybe more than he knew, this battle between intelligence and popularity played out in his stories and eventually in American culture itself. I daresay that we all kind of live with this struggle, to be true to our inner nerd or to be the coolest kid on the block, and we most often end up with some kind of suitable compromise.